Best acne treatments
The best acne treatments work on two sides: on the skin, adapalene, a retinoid, or salicylic acid for blackheads and whiteheads and benzoyl peroxide for red pimples; inside, steady blood sugar, sleep and hormones, with a dermatologist for cysts.
On the skin
- Don't pop
- 6 to 8 weeks
- Benzoyl peroxide
- Adapalene
- Salicylic acid
- Azelaic acid
From the inside
- Low-glycemic eating
- Spironolactone
- Isotretinoin
- Less milk and whey
- Omega-3
- Zinc
- Sleep and stress
Last reviewed · Checked against the AAD, FDA labels and clinical trials
| Treatment | What it does | Best for | Strength | OTC or Rx | Time to results | Pregnancy | Example product |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Benzoyl peroxide | Kills acne bacteria, clears excess oil and dead skin cells | Red pimples, mild to moderate acne | 2.5% to 10% | OTC | 2 to 3 months | Ask your doctor first | CeraVe Acne Foaming Cream Cleanser (4%), PanOxyl Acne Foaming Wash (10%) |
| Adapalene 0.1% | Retinoid that unclogs pores and stops new breakouts | Blackheads, whiteheads, some pimples | 0.1% | OTC | 2 to 3 months | Avoid (topical retinoid) | Differin Gel (adapalene 0.1%) |
| Salicylic acid | Opens clogged pores and exfoliates | Whiteheads and pimples | 0.5% to 2% | OTC | 2 to 3 months | Ask your doctor first | CeraVe Acne Control Cleanser (2%) |
| Azelaic acid | Keeps pores open, mildly antibacterial, fades dark spots | Acne that leaves dark spots | 10% OTC, 20% Rx | OTC or Rx | 2 to 3 months | Rx azelaic acid is an option | The Ordinary Azelaic Acid Suspension 10% |
| Low-glycemic eating | Steadier insulin and IGF-1, so oil glands make less sebum | Every type, especially adult and hormonal acne | Protein or vegetables before starch | Kitchen or OTC | About 12 weeks | Safe; good for most pregnancies | |
| Less milk and whey | Lowers the IGF-1 and hormone load from milk and protein shakes | Inflamed and hormonal acne, gym-goers | A 4-week test without | Kitchen or OTC | 4 to 12 weeks | Keep calcium up with fortified foods | |
| Omega-3 fats | Lowers inflammatory signals in the skin | Red, inflamed pimples | Oily fish twice a week, or about 2 g a day | Kitchen or OTC | About 10 weeks | Ask your doctor about a supplement | |
| Zinc | Calms inflammation; acne often comes with lower zinc levels | Inflamed acne | 30 mg zinc gluconate a day in trials | Kitchen or OTC | About 12 weeks | Ask your doctor first | |
| Tretinoin | Prescription retinoid that stops pores plugging | Blackheads, whiteheads, moderate acne | Set by your doctor | Rx cream or gel | 4 to 8 weeks | Avoid (topical retinoid) | |
| Clascoterone | Cream that treats the hormonal causes of acne | Moderate to severe acne, males and females 12+ | 1% cream | Rx cream | 4 to 8 weeks | Ask your doctor first | |
| Topical clindamycin with benzoyl peroxide | Antibiotic and benzoyl peroxide in one, with less risk of resistance | Mild to moderate red acne | 1% clindamycin + 5% BP, or 1.2% + 2.5% | Rx gel | 4 to 8 weeks | Ask your doctor first | |
| Oral antibiotics (doxycycline) | Pill that cuts bacteria and inflammation, for the shortest time | Moderate to severe pimples, not nodules | Set by your doctor | Rx pill | 4 to 8 weeks | No tetracyclines; ask about a macrolide | |
| Spironolactone | Blocks androgen hormones at the oil glands | Women with stubborn chin and jawline acne | Set by your doctor | Rx pill, women only | 4 to 8 weeks | Never: can cause severe birth defects | |
| Combined birth control pill | Estrogen and progestin pill; some are FDA-approved for acne | Women whose acne flares with their period | Set by your doctor | Rx pill, women only | A few months | Tell your doctor if pregnant or planning to be | |
| Isotretinoin | Oral retinoid that shrinks the oil glands | Severe nodular acne other treatments didn't clear | Set by your doctor | Rx pill, FDA risk program | 4 to 8 weeks | Never: severe birth defects |
Time to results: over-the-counter products 2 to 3 months of daily use; most prescription acne drugs 4 to 8 weeks; the pill 2 to 3 months (AAD). Pregnancy: AAD. Example products: ingredient and strength checked on each brand's own product page; not endorsements. Prescription doses are your doctor's call.
The best acne treatments, on the skin and from the inside
Acne is a skin condition in which hair follicles plug with sebum and dead skin cells, then swell when Cutibacterium acnes bacteria multiply inside. That gives three kinds of breakout: comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), inflamed papules and pustules, and deep nodules and cysts. Creams clear the plugs and calm the spots, but what you eat, how you sleep and your hormones decide how many new ones form. The right pick depends on the type of acne you have, so the best acne treatments below come in three groups: on the skin, from the inside, and with a dermatologist. Use one from each of the first two at the same time.
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Find out which acne type you have
Takes: a mirror or a scanDecides: everything below
Your acne type is the kind of spot that shows up most. It decides the pick far more than the brand or the price does. Our guide to acne vulgaris treatment walks through each type in more detail.
- Blackheads and whiteheads
- Small, flat or skin-colored bumps with no redness. Pores are plugged, nothing is inflamed yet. Start with adapalene or salicylic acid.
- Red pimples and pus bumps
- Papules are tender red bumps; pustules carry a white or yellow tip. Start with benzoyl peroxide.
- Deep, painful lumps
- Nodules and cysts sit deep in the skin and can scar. Creams barely reach them, so go to a dermatologist.
- Chin and jawline flares
- Spots along the lower face that come back before a period often point to hormones. See the hormonal options further down.
Spots that crowd the chin and jaw and flare in the days before a period often come down to hormonal acne, where the creams above help but rarely finish the job alone.
Some bumps only look like acne. Tiny, itchy spots that are all the same size may be fungal acne; red cheeks with flushing and no blackheads are more like rosacea; and itchy bumps around hair after shaving or sweating can be folliculitis. Check the type before you buy anything.
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On the skin
Use benzoyl peroxide on red pimples
Best for: papules and pustulesStrength: start at 2.5%
Benzoyl peroxide is an antiseptic that releases oxygen into the pore, which kills Cutibacterium acnes and loosens the plug. Bacteria don't become resistant to it, which is why dermatologists pair it with every antibiotic. A 2.5% gel cleared inflamed acne about as well as 5% and 10% in a head-to-head trial, with less peeling.
- Wash-off works too: let a benzoyl peroxide wash sit on the skin for 2 to 3 minutes before rinsing (short-contact use).
- It bleaches towels, pillowcases and dark shirts, so use white linen at night.
- For the chest and back, a 5% to 10% wash in the shower is the easy route.
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Add adapalene 0.1% for clogged pores
Best for: blackheads and whiteheadsStrength: 0.1% gel, no prescription
Adapalene is a retinoid, a vitamin A relative that speeds up how fast the pore lining sheds so plugs never form. The FDA moved the 0.1% gel to over-the-counter in 2016, the first retinoid sold without a prescription. It prevents new spots more than it fixes today's, so it goes on the whole area, not just on spots.
- One pea-sized amount for the whole face, at night, on dry skin.
- Every other night for the first two weeks, then nightly.
- A short flare in the first weeks (purging) is common and passes.
- Unlike tretinoin, adapalene stays stable next to benzoyl peroxide, so the two can be used the same day.
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Try salicylic acid for oily skin and body acne
Best for: whiteheads, oily skinStrength: 0.5% to 2%
Salicylic acid is a beta hydroxy acid (BHA). It dissolves in oil, so it gets into the pore and loosens the plug from inside. It suits oily skin and acne on the back and chest, where a wash is easier than a leave-on. Studies on how well it works are fewer than for the two above, so it is a good first pick for mild acne rather than a fix for inflamed spots.
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Pick azelaic acid when acne leaves dark marks
Best for: dark spots, sensitive skinStrength: 10% OTC, 15–20% Rx
Azelaic acid is an acid made by a yeast that lives on skin, and it also occurs in barley, wheat and rye. It keeps pores open, calms redness and blocks the enzyme that makes dark marks, which helps on brown and Black skin where acne leaves hyperpigmentation for months. It is one of the few acne treatments dermatologists use in pregnancy.
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Know what the supporting ingredients can and can't do
Best for: add-ons, sensitive skinEvidence: weaker than the four above
Supporting acne ingredients and their evidence Ingredient What it does Evidence Sulfur Dries the surface and peels plugs; often paired with sodium sulfacetamide. Smells of eggs. Old, modest, gentle Glycolic and mandelic acid (AHAs) Exfoliate the surface; mandelic is the milder one. Fade marks slowly. Small studies Niacinamide Calms redness; a 4% gel matched 1% clindamycin gel in one 8-week trial. One good trial Tea tree oil A 5% gel worked like 5% benzoyl peroxide lotion in a trial, only slower; can sting. One trial, some irritation Clay masks Soak up surface oil for a few hours; do not treat the pore. Comfort only -
Use pimple patches for a fast fix on one spot
Best for: one pimple, overnightTakes: 6 to 8 hours
A pimple patch is a small hydrocolloid dressing, the simplest spot treatment, that pulls fluid out of an open, ripe spot and keeps fingers off it. It is the closest thing to getting rid of acne overnight, but it treats only the spot under it, not the pores around it. For one big, painful lump before an event, a dermatologist can inject a diluted cortisone (corticosteroid) that flattens it within a few days. If you only want a red spot gone soon, the home steps on how to get rid of pimples are safe to try.
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From the inside
Understand what drives acne from the inside
Ayurveda: Pitta, Kapha, VataScience: inflammation, insulin, stress
Ayurveda, the traditional medicine of India, describes acne (yuvan pidika, "eruptions of youth") in the classical text Sushruta Samhita as heat and heaviness trapped in the skin. Each of its three doshas lines up with something modern trials can measure: inflammation, insulin and stress. That turns an old idea into the habits below, each one tested in people with acne.
Root causes of acne: the Ayurvedic view and what science measures Ayurveda says What science measures Start with Pitta: too much heat Inflammation in and around the pore Omega-3 fats, zinc Kapha: heaviness and oil Insulin and IGF-1, which push the oil glands Steady blood sugar, less milk and whey Vata: irregularity Stress hormones, short sleep, an unsettled gut Sleep and stress, the gut -
Eat for steady blood sugar
Works on: insulin and IGF-1Takes: about 12 weeks
A low-glycemic diet is a way of eating that keeps blood sugar from spiking. High-glycemic food (white bread, sugary drinks, sweets) raises insulin and IGF-1, which tell the oil glands to make more sebum and the pore lining to stick together. In a 12-week trial, young men on a low-glycemic diet had clearly fewer acne lesions than those on their usual diet (Smith 2007).
- Eat protein or vegetables first, starch last, at every meal.
- Swap sugary drinks and juice for water or unsweetened tea.
- Choose beans, whole grains and whole fruit over white bread, pastries and sweets.
- Walk for 10 minutes after the biggest meal of the day.
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Cut back on milk and whey for a month
Works on: IGF-1 and hormonesTest: 4 weeks without
Milk carries its own growth factors and raises IGF-1, and skim milk showed the strongest link with teenage acne in a study of more than 47,000 women (Adebamowo 2005). Whey protein shakes have set off acne in gym-goers in case reports (Silverberg 2012). The link is an association, not proof, so test it on yourself: four weeks without milk and whey, then compare. Keep calcium up with fortified alternatives, yogurt or leafy greens.
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Add omega-3 fats
Works on: inflammationTakes: about 10 weeks
Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) are fats from oily fish that turn down the inflammatory signals behind red, swollen pimples. In a 10-week trial, about 2 g a day of omega-3 reduced inflamed acne lesions compared with no supplement (Jung 2014). Salmon, sardines or mackerel twice a week cover much of that; ask your doctor before a supplement if you take blood thinners.
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Consider zinc for inflamed acne
Works on: inflammationDose in trials: 30 mg a day
Zinc is a mineral the skin uses to heal and to keep inflammation in check, and people with acne tend to have lower blood levels of it (Yee 2020). Zinc gluconate at 30 mg a day helped inflamed acne in a 3-month trial, though less than the antibiotic minocycline (Dreno 2001). Take it with food to avoid nausea; above 40 mg a day for months it can lower copper. Oysters, beef, pumpkin seeds and lentils are the food sources.
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Protect your sleep and calm stress
Works on: cortisol and androgensTakes: a few weeks
Stress raises cortisol and adrenal androgens, which push the oil glands. Students' acne got worse during exam weeks in a study that ruled out changes in diet and sleep as the reason (Chiu 2003), and short, irregular sleep is linked with worse acne in surveys.
- The same bedtime every night, 7 to 9 hours.
- Screens off 30 minutes before bed.
- One daily wind-down: a walk, slow breathing, a book.
- Regular meals, so blood sugar doesn't swing late at night.
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Look after your gut
Works on: the gut-skin axisEvidence: early
The gut-skin axis is the link between gut bacteria and the skin: an unsettled gut raises inflammation and lowers insulin sensitivity. In small trials, adults taking a Lactobacillus probiotic for 12 weeks improved more than on placebo (Fabbrocini 2016), and probiotics with minocycline beat minocycline alone (Jung 2013). The evidence is early, so start with the low-risk version: vegetables, beans and whole grains for fiber, plus yogurt or other fermented foods.
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Check your hormones when acne starts late or won't quit
Works on: androgensTakes: one doctor's visit
Hormonal acne is acne driven by androgens, the hormones that make oil glands grow. Acne that starts or stays after 25, together with irregular periods, extra facial or body hair or thinning scalp hair, can point to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which a doctor can test for. In men, sudden acne after starting muscle supplements can come from whey or anabolic steroids. Treating the hormone side (spironolactone, the pill or clascoterone, below) works where creams stall.
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With a dermatologist
Ask for a prescription retinoid when OTC stalls
Best for: moderate acne, scars riskOptions: tretinoin, tazarotene, trifarotene
Prescription retinoids do what adapalene does, only stronger. Tretinoin is the oldest; tazarotene is the strongest and is avoided in pregnancy; trifarotene was approved in 2019 for the face as well as the chest and back. They raise sun sensitivity and can dry and darken brown or Black skin, so they start at a low strength.
Light and benzoyl peroxide break down tretinoin, so don't apply the two at the same time: benzoyl peroxide in the morning, tretinoin at night.
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Combine a topical antibiotic with benzoyl peroxide
Best for: red acne, mild to moderateOptions: clindamycin, dapsone
Clindamycin is a topical antibiotic that cuts bacteria and redness. On its own, bacteria learn to resist it, so it is prescribed in one gel with benzoyl peroxide (1% with 5%, or 1.2% with 2.5%). Dapsone gel (5% or 7.5%) is an anti-inflammatory option for red, inflamed acne; layered with benzoyl peroxide it can tint skin orange for a while.
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Treat hormone-driven acne with clascoterone cream
Best for: hormonal acne, 12 and upStrength: 1% cream, twice a day
Clascoterone is the first cream that blocks androgen hormones right at the oil gland. The FDA approved it in 2020 for males and females aged 12 and older, which makes it the hormonal option for men and teens who can't take spironolactone or the pill.
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Take oral antibiotics only for a short run
Best for: moderate to severe pimplesLimit: 3 to 4 months
Doxycycline and minocycline are tetracycline antibiotics that calm inflamed acne from the inside. The AAD guideline says to use them for the shortest time, about 3 to 4 months, and never alone: always next to benzoyl peroxide and a retinoid, which keep the skin clear after the pill stops. They make skin burn faster in the sun and are not used in pregnancy.
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Ask about spironolactone for jawline acne in women
Best for: adult women, chin and jawTakes: about 3 months
Spironolactone is a blood pressure pill that blocks androgens at the oil glands, so the skin makes less oil. Dermatologists prescribe it off-label for women whose acne sits low on the face and flares with their period. It is never used in pregnancy, and men don't take it because of the hormonal side effects.
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Use the combined birth control pill if periods trigger flares
Best for: women with monthly flaresTakes: 2 to 3 months
The combined pill (estrogen plus progestin) lowers the androgens that drive oil. Four brands carry FDA approval for acne, and many dermatologists pair it with spironolactone. Smoking, migraine with aura and a history of blood clots rule it out.
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Save isotretinoin for severe or scarring acne
Best for: nodules, cysts, scarringCourse: about 15 to 20 weeks
Isotretinoin (once sold as Accutane) is an oral retinoid that shrinks the oil glands themselves. It is the only acne medicine that often keeps skin clear for good after a single 4 to 6 month course. It causes severe birth defects, so in the US everyone who takes it enrolls in the FDA's iPLEDGE program, and anyone who can get pregnant uses two forms of birth control and takes monthly tests.
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Know the in-office treatments a dermatologist adds
Best for: stubborn spots, marks, scarsTakes: a series of visits
- Extraction
- Sterile tools empty large blackheads and whiteheads that won't clear, without the scarring that squeezing at home causes.
- Chemical peels
- Salicylic or glycolic acid peels help clogged pores and dark marks, a few weeks apart.
- Light and laser
- Blue light and photodynamic therapy calm inflamed acne for some people; lasers mostly treat the scars afterwards.
- Cortisone shot
- A diluted corticosteroid injected into one large cyst shrinks it within days.
How to build a routine around the best acne treatments
An acne routine is what you do for your skin and your body each day: clean, treat and protect the skin, then eat, move and sleep in a way that keeps oil and inflammation down. The best acne treatments work faster when both halves run together.
| Step | Morning | Evening |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Clean | Gentle cleanser, lukewarm water, fingertips | Remove makeup and sunscreen first, then cleanse |
| 2. Treat | Benzoyl peroxide or azelaic acid | Adapalene or your prescription retinoid, pea-sized |
| 3. Moisturize | Oil-free, non-comedogenic moisturizer | The same, or a slightly richer one if peeling |
| 4. Protect | Sunscreen SPF 30 or higher | – |
| 5. Eat | Protein breakfast, water or tea instead of juice | Vegetables and protein first, a 10-minute walk after dinner |
| 6. Rest | Daylight and a few minutes outside | Screens off 30 minutes before a fixed bedtime |
Go slow with every new active: two or three nights a week for the first two weeks, then every night if the skin stays calm. Dryness, stinging and peeling are the usual side effects, and a moisturizer fixes most of them.
| Pair | Why | Instead |
|---|---|---|
| Tretinoin + benzoyl peroxide | Benzoyl peroxide breaks tretinoin down | Morning and night, never at the same time |
| Retinoid + AHA or BHA | Double peeling, raw skin | Alternate nights |
| Dapsone + benzoyl peroxide | Temporary orange tint | Apply at different times |
| Topical antibiotic alone | Bacteria become resistant | Always with benzoyl peroxide |
How to read a product label: look for the active ingredient and its percentage in the drug facts box, not the brand name or claims on the front. "Non-comedogenic" and "oil-free" on the moisturizer and sunscreen matter more than any extra serum.
Best acne treatments by severity and skin
Acne severity is graded by dermatologists on a 0 to 4 scale, from clear to severe. The grade of your acne sets how far up the list above you need to go.
| Grade | What you see | Start with |
|---|---|---|
| 0–1 Clear to almost clear | A few blackheads or whiteheads | Adapalene or salicylic acid |
| 2 Mild | Comedones plus some red pimples | Benzoyl peroxide with adapalene |
| 3 Moderate | Many red pimples, a few deeper ones | Prescription retinoid and combination gel; antibiotic or hormonal pill |
| 4 Severe | Nodules, cysts, scarring | Isotretinoin; cortisone shots for single cysts |
- Teens
- Puberty hormones raise oil, so teen acne usually starts on the nose and forehead. Benzoyl peroxide with adapalene covers most of it; clascoterone is approved from age 12.
- Adults
- Adult acne, most often in women in their 20s to 40s, sits on the chin and jaw. It leans on the inside causes: blood sugar, stress and hormones. Pair azelaic acid or a retinoid with the inside steps, and ask about hormonal options if it holds on.
- Back and chest
- Body acne responds to benzoyl peroxide or salicylic acid washes; trifarotene is a prescription cream made for large areas. Change out of sweaty clothes quickly.
- Sensitive skin
- Choose azelaic acid or 2.5% benzoyl peroxide as a wash, and add one product at a time.
- Oily skin
- Gels and washes over creams; salicylic acid fits best.
- Darker skin
- Dark spots often outlast the acne, so treat early and wear sunscreen. Start retinoids slowly, and see a dermatologist early if you scar easily or form keloids.
- Pregnancy
- Azelaic acid is the usual choice; ask before using benzoyl peroxide or salicylic acid. Avoid retinoids, spironolactone, isotretinoin and tetracyclines.
How long acne treatments take to work
Acne treatment time is the stretch between the first use and fewer new spots, usually 6 to 8 weeks. It is long because each plug takes weeks to form, so today's spots started a month ago.
- Week 1 to 2Dryness, mild peeling, maybe stinging. Keep going, add moisturizer.
- Week 2 to 4A short flare is possible on retinoids. New spots should already look smaller.
- Week 6 to 8Fewer new pimples. This is the earliest point to judge a product.
- Month 3 and onDiet and sleep changes show by now too. No change? Step up a rung. Clear? Keep a retinoid and the habits going.
Why acne treatments seem to stop working: they are used on and off, antibiotics are used alone and bacteria become resistant, hormones change, or the product never fit the acne type in the first place.
Mistakes that keep acne coming back
- Treating only the surface. Creams clear today's spots; meals, sleep and hormones decide how many come back.
- Popping or picking. It pushes the plug deeper and leaves dark marks and scars.
- Scrubbing hard. Harsh scrubs, astringents and over-washing inflame the skin.
- Switching after two weeks. No acne treatment shows its effect that fast.
- Stacking four actives. Irritated skin breaks out more, not less.
- Skipping moisturizer and sunscreen. Dry, sunburned skin makes treatment harder to stick with.
- Dirty pillowcases and phone screens. Change the pillowcase twice a week and keep hands off the face.
- Short sleep and constant stress. Both raise stress hormones that feed oil glands.
- Counting on water or toothpaste. Drinking more water hasn't been shown to clear acne, and toothpaste only irritates.
When to see a dermatologist
A dermatologist is a doctor who treats skin, and seeing one is worth it when home treatment can't reach the problem. Book a visit if any of these fit:
- Deep, painful nodules or cysts.
- Scars or dark marks forming.
- No change after 2 to 3 months of an over-the-counter product.
- Acne that hurts your mood or confidence.
- You are pregnant or planning to be and want treatment.
Acne scars and dark spots are different problems. Dark marks fade with time, sunscreen, azelaic acid and retinoids; true scars (icepick, boxcar and rolling) need procedures such as laser, microneedling or subcision. If your spots are red, swollen or filled with pus, our page on acne redness treatment explains which treatments calm the inflammation and fade the marks.
Reader questions
Short, plain answers to what people ask most.
What is the #1 best acne treatment?
Honestly, there isn't one. The AAD says the best treatment for one person isn't necessarily the best for another. If you just want a starting point, benzoyl peroxide, adapalene, or both are the usual first picks.
How can I get rid of acne quickly?
For one spot, a pimple patch overnight or a cortisone shot from a dermatologist for a big cyst. For the acne as a whole, nothing works in days: give one product 6 to 8 weeks.
What cream do dermatologists recommend for acne scars?
No cream erases a true scar. Retinoids and azelaic acid fade the flat dark or red marks acne leaves; pitted scars need laser, microneedling or subcision in the office.
Does drinking water help acne?
Not that any trial has shown. Water is good for you, but acne is about oil, plugs, bacteria and hormones.
Does tea tree oil help acne?
A little. In one trial a 5% tea tree oil gel worked about as well as 5% benzoyl peroxide lotion, just slower, and it can redden or irritate skin.
What are the best top 3 acne products?
By ingredient: benzoyl peroxide, adapalene 0.1% and salicylic acid. Pick the one that fits your acne type rather than buying all three.
What is the most effective acne drug?
For severe nodular acne that nothing else has cleared, isotretinoin. It needs the FDA iPLEDGE program and can't be taken in pregnancy. For most acne, a retinoid with benzoyl peroxide does the job.
Can I cure acne naturally at home?
You can calm it: gentle washing, hands off, a low-glycemic way of eating, enough sleep. Tea tree oil and azelaic acid are the most natural options with some evidence. A cure in 3 days isn't realistic.
Can changing my diet clear acne?
It can help, rarely on its own. A low-glycemic way of eating cut acne lesions in a 12-week trial, and some people do better without milk or whey. Pair it with a cream that fits your acne type.
Do probiotics help acne?
Maybe. Small trials found a Lactobacillus probiotic helped adults with acne, and probiotics made an antibiotic work better. It is early evidence, so fiber and fermented foods are the safe first step.
What foods trigger acne?
Some studies link skim milk, whey protein and high-sugar diets to acne. Chocolate isn't directly linked. A balanced diet with plenty of fruit and vegetables is the safe bet.
Sources
- American Academy of Dermatology: Acne diagnosis and treatment
- American Academy of Dermatology: When acne won't clear
- Reynolds RV et al. Guidelines of care for the management of acne vulgaris. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024
- Mills OH et al. Comparing 2.5%, 5%, and 10% benzoyl peroxide on inflammatory acne vulgaris. Int J Dermatol 1986
- Shalita AR et al. Topical nicotinamide compared with clindamycin gel. Int J Dermatol 1995
- Tea tree oil versus benzoyl peroxide trial (Med J Aust, 1990), PMID 2145499
- NCCIH: Tea tree oil
- FDA: Differin Gel 0.1% approved for over-the-counter use, 2016; clascoterone (Winlevi) approval, 2020; iPLEDGE REMS
- Jung JY et al. Omega-3 fatty acid and gamma-linolenic acid in acne vulgaris. Acta Derm Venereol 2014
- Smith RN et al. A low-glycemic-load diet improves symptoms in acne vulgaris patients. Am J Clin Nutr 2007
- Adebamowo CA et al. High school dietary dairy intake and teenage acne. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005
- Chiu A et al. The response of skin disease to stress. Arch Dermatol 2003
- Silverberg NB. Whey protein precipitating moderate to severe acne flares in 5 teenaged athletes. Cutis 2012
- Yee BE et al. Serum zinc levels and efficacy of zinc treatment in acne vulgaris: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dermatol Ther 2020
- Fabbrocini G et al. Supplementation with Lactobacillus rhamnosus SP1 normalises skin expression of genes implicated in insulin signalling and improves adult acne. Benef Microbes 2016
- Jung GW et al. Prospective, randomized, open-label trial comparing the safety, efficacy, and tolerability of an acne treatment regimen with and without a probiotic supplement. J Cutan Med Surg 2013
- Dreno B et al. Multicenter randomized comparative study of zinc gluconate versus minocycline. Dermatology 2001
- American Academy of Dermatology: Acne treatment during pregnancy
- American Academy of Dermatology: Hormonal therapy for acne
Last reviewed .
This page is general information, not a diagnosis. See a dermatologist if you have deep cysts or nodules, scarring, over-the-counter products haven't helped after 2 to 3 months, or you're pregnant and want treatment.